Prepositions are essential parts of speech that link nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence. When combined with infinitive verbs, they can sometimes create confusion for language learners. Infinitive verbs, which are the basic form of a verb preceded by “to” (e.g., to run, to eat, to be), often interact with prepositions in ways that are not always straightforward. Understanding these interactions can greatly enhance your grasp of English grammar and improve your overall language proficiency.
In this article, we will delve deep into the world of prepositions with infinitive verbs, examining the rules, exceptions, and common usage patterns. By the end of this article, you will have a clearer understanding of how to use these grammatical structures correctly.
Understanding Infinitive Verbs and Prepositions
Infinitive verbs are the base form of verbs, typically preceded by the word “to.” They can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a sentence. Prepositions, on the other hand, are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other elements in the sentence. Common prepositions include “in,” “on,” “at,” “by,” “with,” “about,” “for,” and “to.”
Combining prepositions with infinitive verbs can be tricky because English has specific rules and idiomatic expressions that must be followed. Let’s explore some of the most common cases and exceptions.
Common Prepositions with Infinitive Verbs
Some prepositions are frequently followed by infinitive verbs. Here are a few examples:
1. **About**: The preposition “about” can be followed by an infinitive verb to express intention or purpose.
– Example: She was about to leave when he arrived.
2. **To**: While “to” is often part of the infinitive verb itself, it can also function as a preposition.
– Example: He went to the store to buy groceries.
3. **For**: The preposition “for” is often used before an infinitive verb to indicate the reason or purpose.
– Example: She stayed late at work for her to finish the project.
4. **In order to**: This phrase is used to express the purpose of an action.
– Example: They studied hard in order to pass the exam.
Common Errors and How to Avoid Them
One of the most common errors language learners make is using the wrong preposition before an infinitive verb. Here are a few tips to help you avoid these mistakes:
1. **Avoid using “for” instead of “to” when expressing purpose**.
– Incorrect: She went to the store for buy groceries.
– Correct: She went to the store to buy groceries.
2. **Do not omit the preposition when it is required**.
– Incorrect: He stayed late finish the project.
– Correct: He stayed late to finish the project.
3. **Be cautious with idiomatic expressions**. Some prepositions are part of fixed expressions and must be used correctly.
– Example: He is about to leave, not “He is about leaving.”
Prepositions Followed by Gerunds
It’s important to note that not all verbs following prepositions are in the infinitive form. In many cases, prepositions are followed by gerunds (verbs ending in -ing). Here are some examples:
1. **Interested in**: She is interested in learning Spanish.
2. **Good at**: He is good at playing chess.
3. **Excited about**: They are excited about going on vacation.
Recognizing when to use a gerund instead of an infinitive verb is crucial for mastering English prepositions.
Context Matters: Infinitive or Gerund?
The choice between using an infinitive verb and a gerund can depend on the context and the specific preposition used. Here are some guidelines to help you decide:
1. **After certain prepositions, use a gerund**:
– Example: She is afraid of flying.
2. **After “to,” use an infinitive verb**:
– Example: He went to the store to buy groceries.
3. **After “in order to,” use an infinitive verb**:
– Example: They studied hard in order to pass the exam.
Special Cases and Exceptions
English is known for its exceptions, and prepositions with infinitive verbs are no different. Here are some special cases to be aware of:
1. **Expressions with “be + adjective + infinitive verb”**: Some expressions use this structure to convey specific meanings.
– Example: She is ready to start the project.
2. **Expressions with “be + adjective + preposition + gerund”**: In some cases, the preposition is followed by a gerund.
– Example: He is committed to improving his skills.
3. **Phrasal verbs**: Some phrasal verbs consist of a verb followed by a preposition and then an infinitive verb.
– Example: He decided to look up the information online.
Practice Makes Perfect
The best way to master prepositions with infinitive verbs is through practice. Here are some exercises to help you reinforce what you’ve learned:
1. **Fill in the blanks**: Complete the sentences with the correct preposition and infinitive verb.
– She went to the library ______ (to study).
– He is about ______ (to leave).
2. **Rewrite the sentences**: Change the sentences from using gerunds to using infinitive verbs or vice versa.
– She is interested in learning Spanish. (Rewrite using “to learn”)
– They studied hard in order to pass the exam. (Rewrite using “passing”)
3. **Identify the errors**: Find and correct the errors in the following sentences.
– She went to the store for buy groceries.
– He stayed late finish the project.
Conclusion
Understanding how to use prepositions with infinitive verbs is a crucial aspect of mastering English grammar. While it can be challenging due to the numerous rules and exceptions, consistent practice and awareness of common usage patterns will help you become more proficient.
Remember to pay attention to context, use gerunds when required, and familiarize yourself with idiomatic expressions. By doing so, you’ll be well on your way to using prepositions with infinitive verbs correctly and confidently in your writing and speaking.
Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to revisit this article whenever you need a refresher. Happy learning!
